Morphological Control of Freeze‐Structured Scaffolds by Selective Temperature and Material Control in the Ice‐Templating Process

Herein, it is aimed to highlight the importance of process parameter choice during directional solidification polymer solutions, as they have a significant influence on pore structure and orientation. Biopolymer solutions (alginate chitosan) are directionally frozen, while systematically varying parameters such external temperature gradient, overall system, temperatures cooling surfaces. In addition, effect material properties molecular weight, solution concentration, or viscosity sample morphology investigated. By selecting appropriate gradients surface temperatures, aligned pores ranging in size between (50 ± 22) μm (144 56) observed alginate samples, whereas orientation influenced by altering gradient. As this gradient increases, increasingly oriented perpendicular surface. This also chitosan samples. However, if system too cold, that is, using lower down −60 °C combined with low upper surface, control over lost. found when above ≈5 Pas near freezing point.